{"id":2974,"date":"2021-09-20T09:48:00","date_gmt":"2021-09-20T09:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/?p=2974"},"modified":"2025-03-28T09:52:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T09:52:00","slug":"water-assessment-and-monitoring-in-the-lake-ngami-lower-okavango-delta-botswana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/water-assessment-and-monitoring-in-the-lake-ngami-lower-okavango-delta-botswana\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 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\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"557\" height=\"389\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/lake-ngami.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2979\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1: \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1). \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lake-ngami-seasonal-water.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2978\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (MNDWI) \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a 8: 2013 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2021.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (MNDWI) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a 8 (2013 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a Sentinel 2 (2017 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a DE \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/digitalearthafrica\/deafrica-sandbox-notebooks\/tree\/master\/Real_world_examples\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 Jupyter Notebook<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2021) \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"562\" height=\"179\" src=\"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Seasonal-changes-to-water-extent-Okovango-delta.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2977\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0643\u06452) \u0645\u0646 2017 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2021\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Sentinel-2.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 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\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645: \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:kmfundisi@ub.ac.bw\">kmfundisi@ub.ac.bw<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Okavango Delta is a dynamic and complex freshwater wetland in Botswana. It changes with the seasons, years and over the course of decades due to its position within a complex landscape, downstream from the highlands of Angola flowing through to the Okavango River. The Okavango Research Institute (ORI) under the University of Botswana (UB) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2978,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"audience":[],"class_list":["post-2974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-use-cases"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2974"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2980,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2974\/revisions\/2980"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2974"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/digitalearthafrica.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=2974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}